Density
Anomalies surrounding the famous density anomaly of water -- why ice floats and why water reaches its maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius.
The density of ice increases upon warming up to 70 K
At low temperatures, ice expands upon cooling instead of contracting.
Water shrinks on melting
Unlike most substances, liquid water is denser than solid ice.
Cold liquid water has a high density that increases upon warming
Water reaches its maximum density at 3.984 degrees Celsius, not at the freezing point.
The surface of water is denser than the bulk
The surface layer of water has a higher density than the interior.
The density of supercooled water has a minimum
Supercooled water shows a density minimum before crystallizing.
Water has a low expansion coefficient
The thermal expansion coefficient of water is unusually low.
Thermal expansion of water decreases increasingly at low temperatures
Upon cooling below 4 degrees Celsius, thermal expansion becomes negative -- water expands upon cooling.
The number of nearest neighbors increases on melting
Upon melting, the coordination number increases even though volume decreases.
The number of nearest neighbors increases with temperature
With increasing temperature, the number of nearest neighbors in liquid water increases.