Electrical
Anomalies of the electrical properties of water -- from the high dielectric constant to anomalous proton mobility.
The dielectric constant of water and ice is high
Water has one of the highest dielectric constants of any liquid.
The relative dielectric constant shows a temperature maximum
Instead of falling monotonically, the dielectric constant shows a maximum at a certain temperature.
The relative dielectric constant shows a kink at 60 degrees Celsius
At 60 degrees Celsius, the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant shows an unexpected change.
The imaginary part of the dielectric constant has a minimum at 20 K
In the microwave range, the loss factor of ice shows a minimum at very low temperatures.
The mobility of protons and hydroxide ions is anomalously fast
Protons move through water via the Grotthuss mechanism much faster than other ions.
The electrical conductivity of water reaches a maximum at 230 degrees Celsius
The intrinsic conductivity of pure water has a maximum at high temperature.
The electrical conductivity of water increases considerably with frequency
At high frequencies, water shows considerably increased conductivity.
Water adsorption can cause negative electrical resistance
On certain surfaces, water adsorption leads to an unusual decrease in resistance.